Forecast
Forward projections from the prediction engine — baseline plus an optimistic/pessimistic band and a confidence interval, per macro indicator. These are PROJECTIONS, not observations: generated from observed history, never a guarantee. A country we hold no projections for is shown honestly.
Forecast
Need it as JSON? GET /api/v1/forecast/country/{iso3}.
Afghanistan: forward projections across 15 macro indicators, horizons 2021, 2023, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2034, 2035. These are projections, not observations — each carries an optimistic/pessimistic band and a confidence interval, anchored against the latest observed value where one is held.
Nowcast
Each indicator nowcast from its strongest leading series — inferable from observations already in hand.
For each indicator, Afghanistan's strongest leading series is fit by ordinary least squares over their shared observed history, then the leader's already-observed recent values project the target — so the next year or two is inferable from data already in hand. These are nowcasts from a leading correlation: correlation, not causation, and not a guaranteed forecast.
Led by Govt debt / GDP by 3 years (it moves inversely tothe target; r = -0.887 over 21 obs).
| Year | Nowcast | Implied by Govt debt / GDP in |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 17.9bn | 2023 (8.3) |
Latest observed-37.9(2025)· IMF DataMapper API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | -30 | -14.06 | -30 | -30 – -26.27 |
| 2028 | -30 | -2.39 | -30 | -30 – -22.92 |
| 2030 | -30 | 5.65 | -30 | -30 – -20.33 |
| 2035 | -30 | 20.41 | -30 | -30 – -14.91 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead-30· skill-weighted across models
Method: linear_trend; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed15.7(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 16.95 | 22.66 | 12 | 15.86 – 18.04 |
| 2027 | 19.44 | 29.33 | 10.87 | 17.09 – 21.79 |
| 2029 | 21.93 | 34.7 | 10.86 | 18.35 – 25.51 |
| 2034 | 28.16 | 46.22 | 12.51 | 21.07 – 35.25 |
Method: linear_trend; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed17.8bn(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 20.5bn | 25.9bn | 15.9bn | 19.6bn – 21.5bn |
| 2028 | 22.5bn | 31.7bn | 14.5bn | 20.3bn – 24.7bn |
| 2030 | 24.4bn | 36.3bn | 14.1bn | 21bn – 27.8bn |
| 2035 | 29.3bn | 46.1bn | 14.6bn | 22.6bn – 36bn |
Blended 1-yr-ahead20.5bn· skill-weighted across models
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed1.87(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 1.99 | 12 | -10 | -1.93 – 5.91 |
| 2028 | 3.59 | 12 | -10 | -3.32 – 10.5 |
| 2030 | 5.19 | 12 | -10 | -3.93 – 12 |
| 2035 | 9.19 | 12 | -10 | -4.58 – 12 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead2.58· skill-weighted across models
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 6y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed416.87(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 460.08 | 593.02 | 344.85 | 436.89 – 483.26 |
| 2028 | 482.74 | 713.02 | 283.17 | 432.16 – 533.33 |
| 2030 | 505.41 | 802.69 | 247.77 | 429.59 – 581.23 |
| 2035 | 562.08 | 982.5 | 197.71 | 422.09 – 702.06 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead460.08· skill-weighted across models
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed7.6(2025)· IMF DataMapper API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 7.73 | 10.8 | 4.18 | 7.13 – 8.32 |
| 2028 | 7.98 | 13.3 | 1.84 | 6.78 – 9.18 |
| 2030 | 8.23 | 15.1 | 0.31 | 6.52 – 9.95 |
| 2035 | 8.87 | 18.58 | 0 | 5.95 – 11.78 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead7.6· skill-weighted across models
Method: linear_trend; lookback 10y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed68.06(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 75.78 | 94.52 | 57.05 | 71.7 – 79.86 |
| 2027 | 91.23 | 123.68 | 58.78 | 81.89 – 100.58 |
| 2029 | 106.68 | 148.57 | 64.79 | 91.73 – 121.62 |
| 2034 | 145.3 | 150 | 86.06 | 112.98 – 150 |
Method: linear_trend; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed-6.6(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 8.28 | 28.94 | -5 | 3.57 – 13 |
| 2028 | 22.57 | 50 | -5 | 13.55 – 31.58 |
| 2030 | 36.85 | 50 | -5 | 23.66 – 50 |
| 2035 | 50 | 50 | -5 | 27.52 – 50 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead4.44· skill-weighted across models
Method: exponential_smoothing; lookback 6y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed17.03(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 17.58 | 21.42 | 14.25 | 16.75 – 18.41 |
| 2027 | 18.99 | 25.63 | 13.23 | 17.13 – 20.85 |
| 2029 | 20.4 | 28.98 | 12.96 | 17.54 – 23.25 |
| 2034 | 23.92 | 36.05 | 13.4 | 18.36 – 29.48 |
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed43.8m(2025)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 43.6m | 45.6m | 41.7m | 42.2m – 44.9m |
| 2028 | 44.9m | 47m | 42.9m | 41.6m – 48.2m |
| 2030 | 46.2m | 48.4m | 44.2m | 41m – 51.5m |
| 2035 | 49.5m | 51.8m | 47.3m | 39.2m – 59.8m |
Blended 1-yr-ahead44.7m· skill-weighted across models
Method: exponential_smoothing; lookback 10y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed-1.82(2024)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 0.93 | 15 | -10 | -2.67 – 4.53 |
| 2027 | 6.5 | 15 | -10 | -0.02 – 13.02 |
| 2029 | 12.07 | 15 | -10 | 3.09 – 15 |
| 2034 | 15 | 15 | -10 | 1.27 – 15 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead0.93· skill-weighted across models
Track record±2.04typical miss · 1 realized · 112% MAPE
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 7y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed8.4bn(2020)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 8.7bn | 9.5bn | 7.8bn | 8.4bn – 8.9bn |
| 2023 | 9.3bn | 10.8bn | 7.9bn | 8.6bn – 10bn |
| 2025 | 10bn | 11.9bn | 8.1bn | 8.9bn – 11.1bn |
| 2030 | 11.7bn | 14.3bn | 9bn | 9.2bn – 14.1bn |
Blended 1-yr-ahead8.7bn· skill-weighted across models
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed16.63(2020)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 15.08 | 17.92 | 12.24 | 14.4 – 15.76 |
| 2023 | 13.23 | 18.15 | 8.32 | 11.85 – 14.62 |
| 2025 | 12.33 | 18.67 | 5.99 | 10.37 – 14.29 |
| 2030 | 11.61 | 20.57 | 2.64 | 8.38 – 14.84 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead17.43· skill-weighted across models
Method: mean_reversion; lookback 10y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed9.7bn(2020)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 10.1bn | 11.1bn | 9.1bn | 9.8bn – 10.4bn |
| 2023 | 11bn | 12.7bn | 9.2bn | 10.2bn – 11.8bn |
| 2025 | 11.8bn | 14.1bn | 9.6bn | 10.5bn – 13.2bn |
| 2030 | 14.1bn | 17.3bn | 10.8bn | 11.1bn – 17bn |
Blended 1-yr-ahead10.1bn· skill-weighted across models
Method: weighted_composite; lookback 8y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Latest observed13.35(2025)· World Bank Indicators API
| Year | Baseline | Optimistic | Pessimistic | Conf. band |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 13.73 | 15.51 | 11.94 | 13.23 – 14.22 |
| 2028 | 14.48 | 17.57 | 11.38 | 13.31 – 15.65 |
| 2030 | 15.23 | 19.23 | 11.23 | 13.4 – 17.06 |
| 2035 | 17.11 | 22.76 | 11.46 | 13.51 – 20.71 |
Blended 1-yr-ahead13.52· skill-weighted across models
Method: linear_trend; lookback 6y; horizon 1y; confidence 80%
Reliability badges show each indicator's best model skill— how much it beats a naive last-value forecast, measured out-of-sample on that series' own observed history (backtested one-step-ahead). A track record, not a guarantee of future accuracy.
Generated by the prediction engine (model prediction-engine-v1) on 2026-10-31 from observed history. Projections, not observations — never a guarantee of future values.
Machine-readable: GET /api/v1/forecast/country/AFG · Country page → · Full brief → · API docs
| 2027 | 17.9bn | 2024 (8.9) |
| 2028 | 17.9bn | 2025 (7.6) |
Fit: GDP (current US$) ≈ 18213652223.3891 + -37228555.5922·Govt debt / GDP. Correlation, not causation.
Led by Unemployment by 1 year (it moves inversely tothe target; r = -0.802 over 24 obs).
| Year | Nowcast | Implied by Unemployment in |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | -20.26 | 2025 (13.35) |
Fit: Current account / GDP ≈ 95.1444 + -8.6439·Unemployment. Correlation, not causation.
Led by Current account / GDP by 1 year (it moves inversely tothe target; r = -0.78 over 23 obs).
| Year | Nowcast | Implied by Current account / GDP in |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 14.24 | 2025 (-37.9) |
Fit: Unemployment ≈ 11.079 + -0.0833·Current account / GDP. Correlation, not causation.
Led by GDP (current US$) by 1 year (it moves inversely tothe target; r = -0.759 over 24 obs).
| Year | Nowcast | Implied by GDP (current US$) in |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | -20.45 | 2025 (19.7bn) |
Fit: Govt debt / GDP ≈ 227.515 + 0·GDP (current US$). Correlation, not causation.
Led by Govt debt / GDP by 1 year (it moves withthe target; r = 0.621 over 23 obs).
| Year | Nowcast | Implied by Govt debt / GDP in |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 4.17 | 2025 (7.6) |
Fit: CPI inflation ≈ 3.7158 + 0.0593·Govt debt / GDP. Correlation, not causation.
Led by GDP (current US$) by 2 years (it moves inversely tothe target; r = -0.566 over 24 obs).
| Year | Nowcast | Implied by GDP (current US$) in |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 1.1 | 2024 (17.8bn) |
| 2027 | -0.53 | 2025 (19.7bn) |
Fit: Real GDP growth ≈ 16.1474 + 0·GDP (current US$). Correlation, not causation.
Machine-readable: GET /api/v1/nowcast/country/AFG?indicator= · API docs
